Reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial para tratamento da luxação recidivante da patela / Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to treat recurrent patellar dislocation

OBJETIVO: Apresentar nova técnica de reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) em pacientes com luxação recidivante da patela e avaliar seus resultados clínicos. MÉTODOS: Entre jan/2007 e jan/2008, 23 pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução do LPFM com enxerto livre de tendão semitendíneo. Após acompanhamento mínimo de 24 meses, 22 pacientes foram avaliados pelos protocolos clínicos de Kujala e de Lysholm. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de 26,2 meses. Segundo o protocolo de Lysholm, os pacientes apresentaram pontuação média de 53,72 pontos no pré-operatório e 93,36 pontos no pós-operatório (p = 0,000006). Pelo protocolo de Kujala, a pontuação média foi 59,81 pontos no préoperatório e 83,54 pontos no pós-operatório (p = 0,002173). CONCLUSÃO: A reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial pela técnica proposta mostrou excelentes resultados no curto prazo, quando avaliada por protocolos clínicos.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation and to evaluate the clinical findings from this. METHODS: Between January 2007 and January 2008, 23 patients underwent reconstruction of the MPFL with a free graft from the semitendinosus tendon. After a minimum of 244 months of follow-up, 22 patients were evaluated using the Kujala and Lysholm clinical protocols. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 26.2 months. According to the Lysholm protocol, the patients had a mean score of 53.72 points preoperatively and 93.36 points postoperatively (p = 0.000006). According to the Kujala protocol, the mean score was 59.81 points preoperatively and 83.54 points postoperatively (p = 0.002173). CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the proposed technique showed excellent results over the short term, when evaluated by means of clinical protocols.

PERI-INCISIONAL DYSESTHESIA FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING CENTRAL THIRD OF PATELLAR TENDON.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and type of dysesthesia around the incision used to obtain the patellar tendon for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. METHODS: Out of a population of 1368 ACL reconstructions using the central third of the patellar tendon, 102 patients (111 knees) were evaluated by means of telephone interview. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 52 months (ranging from 12 to 88 months). The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 58 years (mean: 34.7 years). There was some degree of peri-incisional dysesthesia in 66 knees (59.46%). In 40.54% of the knees, this condition was not found. In all the cases of dysesthesia, the type encountered was Highet's type II. CONCLUSION: Peri-incisional dysesthesia following ACL reconstruction using the central third of the patellar tendon is highly prevalent. It affected more than half of the cases in this series.

MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION TO TREAT RECURRENT PATELLAR DISLOCATION.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation and to evaluate the clinical findings from this. METHODS: Between January 2007 and January 2008, 23 patients underwent reconstruction of the MPFL with a free graft from the semitendinosus tendon. After a minimum of 24 months of follow-up, 22 patients were evaluated using the Kujala and Lysholm clinical protocols. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 26.2 months. According to the Lysholm protocol, the patients had a mean score of 53.72 points preoperatively and 93.36 points postoperatively (p = 0.000006). According to the Kujala protocol, the mean score was 59.81 points preoperatively and 83.54 points postoperatively (p = 0.002173). CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the proposed technique showed excellent results over the short term, when evaluated by means of clinical protocols.

FEMORAL ROLL BACK IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: COMPARISON BETWEEN PROSTHESES THAT PRESERVE AND SACRIFICE THE POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

UNLABELLED: To compare the rollback of the contact point between the femoral component and the tibial polyethylene as the knee is flexed, in two types of total knee arthroplasty: one that sacrifices and the other that preserves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). METHODS: Under fluoroscopy, 36 knees from 32 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. Using lateral images, the contact points between the femur and the tibial polyethylene with the knee in complete extension and at 90° of flexion were measured, thereby measuring the percentage rollback of the femur in arthroplasties in which the PCL was sacrificed and in those in which it was preserved. RESULTS: The mean percentage rollback of the femur was 13.24% in the cases in which the PCL was sacrificed and 5.75% in the cases in which it was preserved. The difference between these measurements was statistically significant (p = 0.026615). CONCLUSION: In total knee arthroplasty, sacrificing the PCL increased the rollback of the contact point between the femur and tibia as the knee was flexed up to 90°.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATELLAR HEIGHT AND RANGE OF MOTION AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.

UNLABELLED: To evaluate whether, after total knee arthroplasty, there is any correlation between patellar height and range of motion (ROM) achieved by patients six months after the operation. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were assessed at least 12 months after the operation (total of 54 knees). The maximum and minimum ROM of all the knees was recorded under fluoroscopy, along with patellar height according to the Blackburne and Peel ratio. Two possible correlations were evaluated: patellar height and ROM; and patellar height and ROM variation from before to after the operation. RESULTS: A correlation was found between patellar height and postoperative ROM (p = 0.04). There was no correlation between patellar height and ROM variation (p = 0.182). CONCLUSION: After total knee arthroplasty, the lower the patella is, the worse the ROM is.

Disestesia peri-incisional após reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com terço central do tendão patelar / Peri-incisional dysesthesia following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using central third of patellar tendon

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e o tipo de disestesia em torno da incisão utilizada para obtenção desse tendão na cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. MÉTODOS: De uma população de 1.368 reconstruções do LCA com o terço central do tendão patelar, foram avaliados, por entrevista telefônica, 102 pacientes, totalizando 111 joelhos. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de 52 meses, variando entre 12 e 88 meses. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 16 e 58 anos, com média de 34,7 anos. Em 66 joelhos (59,46 por cento), houve algum grau de disestesia peri-incisional. Em 40,54 por cento dos joelhos, essa condição não foi encontrada. Em todos os casos de disestesia, o tipo encontrado foi o tipo II de Highet. CONCLUSÃO: A disestesia peri-incisional após a reconstrução do LCA com terço central do tendão patelar é muito prevalente, acometendo mais da metade dos casos nessa série.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and type of dysesthesia around the incision used to obtain the patellar tendon for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. METHODS: Out of a population of 1368 ACL reconstructions using the central third of the patellar tendon, 102 patients (111 knees) were evaluated by means of telephone interview. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 52 months (ranging from 12 to 88 months). The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 58 years (mean: 34.7 years). There was some degree of peri-incisional dysesthesia in 66 knees (59.46 percent). In 40.54 percent of the knees, this condition was not found. In all the cases of dysesthesia, the type encountered was Highet's type II. CONCLUSION: Peri-incisional dysesthesia following ACL reconstruction using the central third of the patellar tendon is highly prevalent. It affected more than half of the cases in this series.

Relação entre altura da patela e amplitude de movimentos após a artroplastia total do joelho / Relationship between patellar height and range of motion after total knee arthroplasty

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se após a artroplastia total do joelho existe correlação entre a altura da patela e a amplitude de movimento (ADM) alcançada pelo paciente após seis meses de pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 45 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho, todos com, no mínimo, 12 meses de pós-operatório, totalizando 54 joelhos. Sob fluoroscopia, todos os joelhos tiveram suas amplitudes de movimentos (ADM) máximas e mínimas registradas, bem como a altura da patela pelo índice de Blackburne e Peel. Foram avaliadas as duas correlações possíveis: relação entre altura da patela e ADM e altura da patela e a variação de ADM entre o pré e o pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foi observada correlação entre altura da patela e ADM no pós-operatório (p = 0,04). Não foi observada correlação entre altura da patela e variação de ADM (p = 0,182). CONCLUSÃO: No pós-operatório da artroplastia total do joelho, quanto mais baixa a patela, pior a ADM.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether, after total knee arthroplasty, there is any correlation between patellar height and range of motion (ROM) achieved by patients six months after the operation. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were assessed at least 12 months after the operation (total of 54 knees). The maximum and minimum ROM of all the knees was recorded under fluoroscopy, along with patellar height according to the Blackburne and Peel ratio. Two possible correlations were evaluated: patellar height and ROM; and patellar height and ROM variation from before to after the operation. RESULTS: A correlation was found between patellar height and postoperative ROM (p = 0.04). There was no correlation between patellar height and ROM variation (p = 0.182). CONCLUSION: After total knee arthroplasty, the lower the patella is, the worse the ROM is.

Rolamento posterior do fêmur na artroplastia total do joelho: comparação entre as próteses com preservação e com sacrifício do ligamento cruzado posterior / Femoral roll back in total knee arthroplasty: comparison between prostheses that preserve and sacrifice the posterior cruciate ligament

OBJETIVO: Comparar a posteriorização do ponto de contato entre o componente femoral e o polietileno tibial à medida em que o joelho é fletido em dois tipos de artroplastia total do joelho, uma com sacrifício e outra com preservação do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, sob fluoroscopia, 36 joelhos de 32 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho. Analisando as imagens em perfil, foi medido o ponto de contato do fêmur com o polietileno tibial com o joelho em extensão completa e em 90 graus de flexão, mensurando-se o percentual de "rolamento" posterior do fêmur nas artroplastias em que o ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) foi sacrificado e naquelas nas quais esse foi preservado. RESULTADOS: O percentual médio de posteriorização do fêmur foi de 13,24 por cento nos casos em que o LCP foi sacrificado e de 5,75 por cento nos casos em que esse foi preservado. A diferença entre essas medidas foi estatisticamente significativa, com p = 0,026615. CONCLUSÃO: Na artroplastia total do joelho, sacrificar o LCP aumenta a translação posterior do ponto de contato entre o fêmur e a tíbia à medida em que o joelho é flexionado até 90 graus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rollback of the contact point between the femoral component and the tibial polyethylene as the knee is flexed, in two types of total knee arthroplasty: one that sacrifices and the other that preserves the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). METHODS: Under fluoroscopy, 36 knees from 32 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. Using lateral images, the contact points between the femur and the tibial polyethylene with the knee in complete extension and at 90° of flexion were measured, thereby measuring the percentage rollback of the femur in arthroplasties in which the PCL was sacrificed and in those in which it was preserved. RESULTS: The mean percentage rollback of the femur was 13.24 percent in the cases in which the PCL was sacrificed and 5.75 percent in the cases in which it was preserved. The difference between these measurements was statistically significant (p = 0.026615). CONCLUSION: In total knee arthroplasty, sacrificing the PCL increased the rollback of the contact point between the femur and tibia as the knee was flexed up to 90°.

Infecção por micobactéria após videoartroscopia: o glutaraldeído pode ser o culpado? Estudo experimental in vitro / Mycobacterial Infection after videoarthroscopy: could glutaraldehyde be the culprit? An in vitro experimental study

OBJETIVO: Os autores avaliaram in vitro o poder de degermação do glutaraldeído a 2,2 por cento por 30 minutos, nas lâminas de shaver de 3,2mm de diâmetro, usadas em videoartroscopias. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 40 lâminas, de 3,2mm, subdivididas em quatro grupos. Grupo I: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram colocadas de forma estéril no meio de cultura Brain-heart infusion (BHI). Grupo II: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram deliberadamente contaminadas pelas bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis e Mycobacterium fortuitum e posteriormente colocadas no meio de cultura BHI. Grupo III: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram contaminadas pelas mesmas bactérias e posteriormente imersas por 30 minutos em glutaraldeído e, após limpeza com soro fisiológico, colocadas no meio de cultura. Grupo IV: 10 lâminas esterilizadas em óxido de etileno foram utilizadas em artroscopias, posteriormente lavadas e imersas em glutaraldeído, também colocadas em meio de cultura. Nos meios onde houve crescimento bacteriano, este foi verificado em 72 horas de incubação, sendo esse tempo prolongado para sete dias para recuperação da micobactéria. RESULTADOS: Não houve crescimento de germes nos meios de cultura dos grupos I, III e IV, mas houve crescimento em todas as amostras do grupo II. CONCLUSÃO: A solução de glutaraldeído a 2,2 por cento, dentro do prazo de validade, utilizada por 30 minutos, mostrou-se eficaz, in vitro, na degermação de lâminas de shaver de 3,2mm de diâmetro, mesmo quando deliberadamente contaminadas por micobactéria de crescimento rápido.

OBJECTIVE: The authors made an in vitro assessment of the degermation power of 2.2 percent glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes in 3.2 mm diameter shaver blades used in videoarthroscopy. METHODS: 40 3.2 mm blades were used after being subdivided into four groups: Group I - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were placed in sterile state in a Brain-heart infusion (BHI) culture medium; Group II - ten blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were deliberately contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium fortuitum and later placed in a BHI culture medium; Group III - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were contaminated by the same bacteria and later immersed in glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes, and after they were cleaned with saline solution, they were placed in the culture medium; Group IV - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were used in arthroscopic procedures , then washed an immersed in glutaraldehyde, and also placed in the culture medium. In the media were bacterial growth did occur, such growth was seen within 72 hours of incubation, such period being extended to seven days to retrieve mycobacteria. RESULTS: There was no germ growth in the culture media of Groups I, III, and IV, but bacteria grew in all samples of Group II. CONCLUSION: The 2.2 percent glutaraldehyde solution, within the validity period, used for 30 minutes, showed to be effective "in vitro", in the degermation of 3.2 mm Shaver blades even when they were deliberately contaminated by fast-growing mycobacteria.